Folder names can cause problems, but having an sfx folder and an sfx.lua shouldn’t be an issue. Folder names with non-ASCII characters can cause issues (and not just within the project). On iOS, a folder name “resources” causes issues.
Android (and iOS) devices file systems are case sensitive, Windows and the Mac’s filesystems are not. But this would result in your app getting a black screen (crashing) when you run it and the error would be obvious in your adb logcat.
You are having a signing issue, so sending us your project isn’t going to do much good. With your upgrade to Mavericks and the changes to java, humor me and try to build and install the Hello World sample app. Take screen shots if the Corona build screen before you click the build button so I can see what’s set there.
Rob