PROBLEM SOLVED!
Hi Peach,
I tried lots of things to solve this problem, my last try was to install OSX Lion and the newest Xcode 4.2.1 - but still the problem persisted and caused me some headache.
But in the end I solved it, and the reason is a slight misunderstanding of the Corona Project Manager file handling:
In the assests-list in the CPM I only had the main.lua, config.lua and build.settings files.
In the project folder I had these files AND the “Harrowprint.ttf”.
I just didn’t draw the font file into the assets in CPM because I didn’t think that I have to do this - because it’s only a reference to the font file, and of course I thought that the simulator knows the project folder and because of this the font file will be loaded, too.
And the font was working in the simulator, so obviously the simulator knew where to find the font.
This is were I was wrong, the simulator is not even interested in knowing the font location, I don’t have to provide the font because the font is already installed in the system (Suitcase Fusion 3 in my case).
But if the font isn’t referenced in the CPM assets, the font file won’t be packed into the IPA, and there it was, my very annoying problem.
And of course it worked with my test project on the Mac of another developer, because he just added the complete project folder to CPM and the font file was included into the assets list.
So it’s my new rule: If I want it in my project, I put it into the CPM assets list.
Easy, hm? But on the bright side I made the update to OSX Lion, installed the newest Xcode and learned a lot about frustration tolerance. And happily I didn’t blame someone else. 
Thanks for your time!
Best,
Andreas
P.S.:
Now all works as intended on iPad 1, iPad 2, iPhone 4 and Kindle Fire.
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