You can’t via the “build.settings”. Mostly because there is no one place you can add meta-data tags to. That is, meta-data tags can be added to all <activity>, <provider>, <receiver>, and <application> tags within the AndroidManifest.xml file.
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/meta-data-element.html
Why do you need to add meta-data to the manifest?
Because this is typically only useful to native Android developers.
Case in point, Corona uses a meta-data tag to indicate which app store the app is targeting, which is returned via our system.getInfo() API.