The commands are different on Windows, but it might very well be possible with os.execute() rather than io.popen(), e.g. see this page.
About the link, sorry, I tend to translate “Enterprise” as “knows C / C++”. 
Have a go with this: clipboard plugin
You can drop it into the …/AppData/Roaming/Corona Labs/Corona Simulator/Plugins/plugin (whew!) directory to use in the simulator. Most of that you can reach by doing File->Open Project Sandbox and then switching from AppData/Local to AppData/Roaming. To use more generally it might be enough to just add a plugin directory to your program and dump it there.
Anyhow, this is just cobbled together from a couple SO posts, that one I showed you and one other.
Usage:
local clipboard = require("plugin.clipboard") local ok, text = clipboard.GetText() if ok then print("Clipboard text:", text) end ok = clipboard.SetText("BLARGH!") if not ok then print("Something went wrong!") else print("Huzzah!") end
This is all of forty minutes of putzing around, so obviously not thoroughly tested. 