It’s not as simple as answering these questions, unfortunately.
What goes into making a platformer with Corona SDK is a university-level course on its own, so boiling it down to a forum post (even one that references only tutorials) is hard to do. The reason being, there are many different permutations of platformers. To quote @roaminggamer:
As an SDK, Corona does an excellent job of simplifying the creation of games and apps. However, you will still need to learn basic Lua coding, art, physics (concepts), and 2D math. There is no way to avoid this, and honestly I don’t think folks should try to avoid this.
In your case, I would forget about making a game to start. Instead, focus on examining the many examples that are bundled with the Corona download. Then look at books, websites, etc that talk about and train on topics using Corona.
Then, once you start to grasp the fundamentals, start making small (I mean tiny) games using very basic art.
Finally, you should be ready to start making your game idea.
Oh, and don’t forget to read the forums posts (see what other people are asking about talking about) as well as the blogs. Watching the Corona Geek hangouts can’t hurt either. There are 191 (or more) prior episodes.
I realize that this was advice to another poster, but it’s still true in this case. No one wants to discourage you; on the contrary, below you will see a ton of resources that you can use to learn. However, none of them are going to show you “how to build a platformer” from pillar to post in exactly the way you want your game to look, operate, function and feel. If you find a tutorial that details how to create a platformer, and follow it to the letter, you will come out with a game that works exactly like the one that was in the tutorial, and you will very likely not be satisfied with that.
For example, the question “how to easily lay out a map for my character to interact with”, is a very good one. However, there are umpteen different ways to accomplish it. Some could use physics; some couldn’t. Some might necessitate the development and implementation of your own physics engine, independent of Box2D, which is what Corona leverages. That by itself is a very deep question that can be answered any number of ways.
TL;DR: Check out the resources below. None of them answer your question completely (because there aren’t any that fit the criteria you laid out) but they can get you started.
https://forums.coronalabs.com/topic/62463-abot-enemy-ai/
https://forums.coronalabs.com/topic/63637-creating-bullets-and-enemies-on-the-fly-performance/
https://forums.coronalabs.com/topic/55780-ask-a-better-question-get-a-better-answer/
https://forums.coronalabs.com/topic/61724-how-to-create-a-platformer/